The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
In this introductory chapter, we revisit some of the landmarks in the history of histamine research. Since histamine was first synthesized (1907) and isolated as a bacterial contaminant of an extract of ergot (1910), the elucidation of its role in health and disease and its molecular mechanism of action have been continuous, reflecting the application of advances in scientific knowledge, technology...
Histamine and its receptors have been (and are still today) very fruitful topics for pharmacological and medicinal chemistry studies. In this chapter we review the various selective ligands that are available for the four different histamine receptors and we describe the main molecular pharmacological aspects of each of the receptor subtypes.
This chapter summarizes the information about the transcriptional regulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which is the catabolic enzyme of histamine synthesis, and the activity of histamine in vivo as clarified using HDC gene deficient mice (HDC-KO). The research of the regulatory mechanism of histamine synthesis has been focused on transcriptional and posttranslational aspects. The generation...
Histamine plays a major role in allergic rhinitis. In susceptible individuals, allergen induces nasal mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine into the nasal mucosa. Histamine has been detected after controlled challenges with allergen and, when administered into the nasal cavity, elicits signs and symptoms similar to those elicited by allergen. All four histamine receptors have been demonstrated...
Ocular allergy is a disorder affecting increasing numbers of individuals worldwide. Among the inflammatory mediators that contribute to ocular allergy, histamine is perhaps the best characterized. This monoamine is released by sensitized mast cells upon exposure to allergen and causes symptoms such as redness and tearing. Histamine may also recruit immune cells that can cause long-term damage to ocular...
Histamine is a ubiquitous inflammatory mediator intimately associated with the pathology of allergy. Traditional antihistamines, targeting the histamine H1 receptor, have failed to demonstrate a significant role for histamine in asthma. Novel immunomodulatory roles for histamine and the discovery of a novel histamine receptor, the histamine H4 receptor, have resulted in a reassessment of its importance...
Most urticaria subtypes have a profound impact on patients’ quality of life and performance. Effective treatment is thus required in all cases where the avoidance of eliciting factors and the elimination of underlying causes is not feasible. In nearly all subtypes histamine released by mast cells plays apredominant role. For symptomatic relief second generation nonsedating histamine H1 receptor (H...
Itching (pruritus) is perhaps the most common symptom associated with inflammatory skin diseases and can be a lead symptom of extracutaneous disease (e.g., malignancy, infection, metabolic disorders). In atopic dermatitis itching sensations constitute one of the most prominent and distressing features. The most characteristic response to itching is the scratch reflex: a more or less voluntary, often...
Histamine is one of the most versatile biogenic amines with multiple roles during the immune response and in allergic disorders. With four distinct G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R and H4R), intracellular histamine binding sites (most likely members of the cytochrome P450 family) as well as a membrane transporter (Organic Cation Transporter; OCT3) expressed in various immunocompetent cells,...
Apart from its central role in the mediation of allergic reactions, gastric acid secretion and inflammation in the periphery, histamine serves an important function as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The histaminergic neurons originate from the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus and send projections to most parts of the brain. The central histamine system is involved...
Histamine is a biogenic amine widely distributed throughout the body. Given the observations that histamine can be induced and made available in an unstored diffusible form in tissues undergoing rapid growth (such as tumors and regenerating liver), it could have a role beyond inflammatory and allergic responses.
The field of histamine research has progressed far from a century ago when the first biological functions of histamine were identified. It is now known that histamine function is mediated by four histamine receptors, which belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family. While antihistamines that target the first two receptors have enjoyed clinical and commercial success, efforts to find new antihistamines...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.